Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

 

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is perhaps the most well-known neurodevelopment problems of adolescence. A person with ADHD has differences in brain development and brain activity that affects attention, the ability to sit still and self-control.  It is generally first analyzed in adolescence and regularly keeps going into adulthood. Kids with ADHD may experience difficulty focusing, controlling imprudent practices (may act without contemplating what the outcome will be), or be excessively dynamic.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

It is normal for children to have trouble focusing and behaving at one time or behaving at one or another. However, children with ADHD do not just grow out of these behaviors.

A child with ADHD might:

  *Daydream a lot

*forget or lose things a lot

*squirm or fidget

*talk too much

*face a hard time in resisting temptations

*have trouble taking runs

*have difficulty getting along with others

*take unnecessary risks

*make careless mistakes

*difficulty controlling behavior

*excessive activity

*inattentive

TYPES OF ADHD

When it comes to ADHD, no one diagnosis or treatment fits all. Everyone is different. So, basically according to diagnosis, sign and symptoms, following are some types of ADHD:
INATTENTIVE TYPE

                         A child suffering with this type of ADHD must have nine of these symptoms and very few symptoms of hyperactive-impulsive type:

*not paying attention to detail

*making careless mistakes

*failing to pay attention and keep on task

*not listening 

*being unable to follow or understand instructions

*avoiding tasks that involve efforts (basically showing laziness)

*being distracted

*being forgetful and lose things

*losing things that need to complete tasks

HYPERACTIVE-IMPULSIVE TYPE

A child who suffers from this type neurological disorder must have six out of the following nine symptoms of hyperactive impulsive disorder:

*fidgeting

*squirming

*getting up often when seated

*running or climbing at inappropriate times

*having trouble playing quietly

*talking too much
*talking out of turn or b blurting too much

*interrupting

*often “on the go” as if “driven by a motor”

COMBINED TYPE

This is the most common type of ADHD. People with it have symptoms of both inattentive and hyper-impulsive types.

CAUSES

Despite, how common ADHD is, the cause is still unknown by the doctors and researchers. Neurological origins are thought to be its major cause. However, genetics may also play role in it.

Researcher thought that a reduction in DOPAMINE is a factor in ADHD. Dopamine is chemical that is present in brain and is used to transfer chemical signal from nerve to nerve. It plays a role in triggering emotional responses and movements.

Some researchers also found that structural changes may also cause ADHD. For example people with ADHD have less grey matter volume. Grey matter includes the brain areas that help with

*speech

*self control

*decision making

*muscle control

Researchers are still studying potential causes about the major causes of ADHD, such as smoking during pregnancy.

TREATMENT

Stimulants are the best known and most widely used ADHD medications. Some stimulants used to treat ADHD include

*amphetamine-based stimulant

*dextromethamphetamine

*dextromethyphenidate

*methylphenidate

Some doctors also suggest sleep aids such as melatonin, that you can start by good sleep habits:

*having a consistent bedtime

*keep the bedroom cool and dark

*create a soothing winding-down ritual

NATURAL REMEDIES FOR ADHD

*eat a balance healthy diet

*get at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day

*get plenty of sleep

*limit daily screen time for phones

*keep yourself hydrated

*keep yourself calm and tension free

*do yoga

*go for tai chai

*spending time outsides

*praise and enjoy natural beauty

*mindfulness meditation

*avoiding allergens

*less use of food additives

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

 

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental condition that is developed or triggered by any traumatic condition either by experiencing or witnessing it such as natural disaster, sexual assault, rape, sexual abuse or harassment, severe accident, mental or physical distress related to any trauma and etc all are causes of PTSD. Most people go through traumatic events may have a temporary difficulty adjusting and coping with this mental disorder, but with the passage of time and better self care, this condition usually get better. But if once the symptoms get worse, it can be last for months or even years.

Sign and symptoms

Symptoms are grouped into following few categories:

*relieving; vivid flash backs, night mare of accident or any disaster, hallucination

* avoiding; avoiding people, things, places, or things that remind the trauma, being unable to express feelings, using alcohols or drugs to avoid memories.

*excessive arousal; increased alertness sometimes called hypervigilence, anger, fits of rage, irritability or hatred, difficulty sleeping or concentrating

*negative thoughts or feelings such as guilt

*flat effect

*young children may show delays in training like toilet training, eating and etc, motor skills or language.

*intense distress at real or symbolic reminders of the trauma

*physical sensation such as pain, sweating or shivering

*intrusive thoughts or images

STAGES OF PTSD

Following are some stages of PTSD

*IMPACT OR EMERGENCY STAGE

                                                        This phase occurs immediately after the traumatic event in which patient is struggling to come to terms with the shock of what happened. Patient will be highly anxious, hypervigilant or possibly struggling with the guilt.

*DENIAL STAGE

                               Not everyone who is dealing with the recovery of PTSD experience this phase. But those who will experience this, will attempt consciously or unconsciously to avoid the memories. Those who are prone to using alcohol or other substances will be especially numbing behavior at this satge.

*SHORT TERM RECOVERY STAGE

                                                                       During this stage immediate solutions are addressed. The individual with PTSD will attempt to adjust to everyday life and try to return to normalcy. This stage can go both ways either the patient will accept to take help from others or they will become disillusioned and somewhat cynical. At this stage night mare and intrusive thoughts continue and make everyday life difficult.

*LONG TERM RECOVERY STAGE

                                                    As the name suggests that the patient has to experience after effects for a long time. But with the help of better self care and medication the symptoms can be reduced.

DIAGNOSIS

SELF diagnosis include following steps. But keep in your mind that if you experience any of two steps, you may have PTSD.

*you are often irritable or angry

*you constantly feel guard or you are easily startled

*you engage in risky or dangerous behavior

*you have troubled sleeping

*you have troubled staying focused

 

TREATMENT

When you have PTSD you might think that you will never come back to your life, but if it is treated well and you take care of yourself in a better way you can reduced its symptoms and can lead a normal life.

CBT (cognitive behavior therapy) is a type of psychotherapy that has believed to be most effective treatment of PTSD.

Some common treatments of PTSD are as follows:

*therapy

It has three main goals

1-      improve your symptoms

2-      2-teach you skills to deal with it

3-      Restore your self esteem

*cognitive processing therapy

*prolonged exposure therapy

*eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

*stress inoculation training

*medication

1-fluoxetine

2-paroxetine

3-sertraline

4-venlafaxine

*antidepressants

*betablocker

SSRIs are considered as first-line therapy treatment for PTSD.

SCHIZOPHRENIA AND HALLUCINATIONS

SCHIZOPHRENIA is mental disorder that is related to breakdown in relation between thought, emotion and behavior, which leads to a faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from the reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion and a sense of mental fragmentation. 

It can also be known as a mentality or approach characterized by inconsistence or contradictory elements.

CAUSES

The basic factors that cause schizophrenia can also help you to understand what if anything can be done to prevent this lifelong disorder. Those factors are

 *genetics; one of the most significant risk factors for schizophrenia may be genes

*structural changes in brain

*chemical changes in brain

*pregnancy and birth complications

*childhood trauma

*previous drug use

*some environmental factors

SYPMTOMS

The major symptoms of schizophrenia are

*delusion

*hallucination

*disorganized thinking

*extremely disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

*negative symptoms (blunting of affect, poverty speech and thought, apathy, anhedonia, reduce social drive)

*movement disorders

*trouble concentrating

ASSOCIATION OF HALLUCINATION WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

Hallucination is a condition that usually involves the seeing and hearing things that cannot exist. Yet the person that is schizophrenic have a full force impact of a normal experience.

TYPES OF HALLUCINATIONS

*visual hallucination; involves the seeing of non-existing things

*auditory hallucination; hearing things and non-existing voices

*olfactory hallucinations; smelling things

*gustatory hallucinations; tasting things

*tactile or somatic hallucinations; feeling things

DIAGNOSIS

Following diagnosis are suggested by medical health workers

1-    PHYSICAL EXAM; this may be done by examining the sign and symptoms of schizophrenia

2-    TESTS AND SCREENING; it may include test for screening sign and symptoms and also the screening for the use of drugs and alcohol that may also cause schizophrenia.

3-    PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION; this is done by mental health professionals by observing the condition, checking and asking about thoughts, moods, delusions, hallucination, substance use, potential for violence and suicide.

4-     DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA; a doctor or mental care professional may use the criteria in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder.       

TREATMENT AND MEDEICATION

 ANTIPSYCHOTICS are first line treatment for patients with schizophrenia.

TYPES OF ANTIPSYCHOTICS

TYPICAL OR CONVENTIONAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS are “FIRST GENERATION” ANTIPSYCHOTICS. Examples are

*Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

*Fluphenazine (prolixin)

*Haloperidol (haldol)

*perphenazine (trilafon)

*thioridazine (mellari)

*thiothexen (nevane)

*trifluoperazine (stelazine)

The newer one is called “SECOND GENERATION” or “ATYPICAL” ANTIPSYCHOTICS. Examples are

*aripiprazole (abilify)

*aripiprazole lauroxil (aristada)

*asenapine (saphris)

*brexpiprazole (rexulit)

*cariprazine (vraylar)

*clozapine (clozaril)

*iloperidone (fanapt)

*olanzapine (zyprexa)

*ziprasidone (geodon)

*resperidone (resperdal)                                       

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTICS

As the first generation ANTIPSYCHOTICS do not cost much but they can have different side effects than second generation ANTIPSYCHOTICS. Few side effects by both types of ANTIPSYCHOTICS are

*weight gain

*sexual problem

*drowsiness

*dizziness

*restlessness

*dry mouth

*constipation

*nausea

*blurred vision

*low blood pressure

*seizures

*low white blood cell count

 

COVID-19 AND OUR MENTAL HEALTH

 WHAT IS COVID? 

Corona virus is a large family of viruses that causes illness ranges from cold to other deadly diseases. A novel corona virus is a new strain of corona virus that was not identified in humans before.

CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK :

On December 2019 WHO was informed of pneumonia of unknown cause  in Wuhan, city of China. Later on it was temporarily known as covid-19 by the authorities. Then this virus spread too fast in the whole world as a deadly pandemic. The major reason was that its treatment was unknown and there was no vaccine known for this deadly virus. 

This outbreak causes too much damage not in the city where it outbroke but in the whole world. Almost every nation, every country, every city, every town has its strain. And it is causing mostly to under developing or developing nations .   

MAJOR EFFECTS OF THIS WORLD

According to all the updates and information collected from the whole world we concluded that covid affected the whole world in all aspects. Here we will took a glance of few major effects of this novel virus and top most will be  effect on our mental health.

EFFECTS OF CORONA VIRUS ON A NATION

Each nation got affected by this virus. As no treatment and vaccine was available for this virus. It is far more than a health crisis; it is affecting societies and economies at their core., it will most likely to

cause poverty and inequality at a global scale.

Although, the effect of this virus may vary from nation to nation according their social and economical resources. It affected the whole nation socially, economically, physically and mentally. Their economy collapsed, they loose their social life, physically they became very weak and mentally very down.

EFFECT ON ECONOMY 

To decrease the spread of this deadly virus, higher authorities decided the implement of lockdown. This lockdown affected the economy of a nation  as a whole. There was a great economy decline. It was a strict lockdown, that affected the import an d export on which the economy of a nation depends. As a result their economy collapsed. They became economically very weak. 

EFFECT ON SOCIAL LIFE

As a result of pandemic, deep inequalities have been exacerbated around the world leading to unemployment and food insecurity amongst the poor countries. However, it is just a beginning as the political, economic and social impact is still unfolding.

This pandemic lead to an increase in poverty, homelessness, unemployment, depression, anxiety and many more. 

EFFECT OF CORONA VIRUS ON MENTAL HEALTH

Mentally, it affected all the human beings. All the negative impacts of covid has a combine effect on the metal health of human being. The major problems that covid has caused are depression, anxiety, negative and suicidal thoughts, bereavement, isolation, loss of income and fear are triggering conditions or exacerbating ones. Many people may be facing increased level of drugs, alcohol and insomnia. As the pandemic wears on, ongoing and necessary public health measures expose many people to experiencing situations linked to poor mental health outcomes, such as isolation and job loss.

  Meanwhile, COVID-19 itself can lead to neurological and mental complications, such as delirium, agitation and stroke. People with pre-existing mental, neurological or substance use disorders are also more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, they may stand at a higher risk of severe outcomes and even death. 

The major effect of covid-19 is STRESS that causes the following disorders :

*feeling of fear, anger, sadness, worry, numbness or frustration

*changes in appetite, energy, desires and interests

*difficulty concentrating and making decisions 

*difficulty sleeping or night mares

*physical reactions, such as headaches, body pains, stomach problems and skin rashes

*worsening of chronic health problems 

*worsening of mental health condition

*increased use of tobacco, alcohol and other substances

*HOW TO COPEUP WITH STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH DURING COVID-19 OR ANY PANDEMIC OUTBREAK?

 Following are some practices that anyone can follow to maintain mental health

*take care of your body

*exercise regularly

*get plenty of sleep

*stay positive

*avoid excessive alcohol, tobacco and substance use

*continue with routine preventive measures (such as vaccination, cancer screenings and etc) as recommended by your health care provider

*get vaccinated by covid-19 vaccination when available

*adopt healthy activities

*make time to unwind

*connect with others

*connect with your community or faith based organization

DEFFICIENCY IN MENTAL HEALTH; DEMENTIA

 A collective term used to describes various symptoms associated with the mental health is called dementia such as forgetfulness. Its not a single disease but a general terms used to describe symptoms of impairment in memory, communication and thinking. 

FORMS OF DEMENTIA

Dementia is associated with many forms that are progressive with time. These are 

⇾ vascular dementia

⇾ dementia with lewy bodies

⇾frontotemporal dementia

All the symptoms of these forms of dementia get worsen over time.

STAGES OF DEMENTIA

As dementia is followed by many symptoms of other diseases, it progresses in many stages.

⇾STAGE 1 TO 3 ( NO DEMENTIA)

STAGE 1

Stage 1 is associated with no signs and symptoms of dementia. Person works normally as there is no mental disorder or any kind of mental illness. People diagnosed with dementia with no signs and symptoms are associated with no dementia stage but it can be worse as it progresses.

STAGE 2

As the condition progresses little bit, patient enters into stage 2 of dementia that is also known as very mild cognitive decline. In this stage, a person is observed with normal forgetfulness that is often mistakenly observed as major sign and symptoms for aging. So it is difficult to understand and diagnose the early stages of dementia by the loved ones, caretakers and professional doctors of the patient. In this early stage caretaker is about to finding a balance between independence and assistance.

STAGE 3

The last stage in this category is mild cognitive decline. At this stage, care takers and loved ones are able to diagnose early sign and symptoms as this stage is followed by increased forgetfulness and decreased performance in working and difficulty in speech and communication .This stage is also known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). It is very important to take a notice on sign and symptoms for early diagnosis and intervention.     

SYMPTOMS OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

⮿decrease work performance 

⮿increased memory loss

⮿trouble concentrating, problem solving and managing complex tasks

⮿driving difficulties

⮿verbal repetition

STAGE 4: EARLY STAGE DEMENTIA

Early stage dementia has only one stage- stage 4 that is also known as moderate cognitive decline.

Sign and symptoms of this stage are noticeable after 2 years and these cam be detected during any medical interview and exam. Patient in this stage has difficulty concentrating on their tasks, forget things and recent events, and will have difficulty managing finances and travelling alone to new places. Patient also faces socializing and withdrawing with friends and family. A caretaker or any loved one must engage himself to the person facing this stage of dementia.

SYMPTOMS OF EARLY STAGE DEMENTIA

⮿misplacing items

⮿forgetting recent conservation and events 

⮿struggling to find a right word in conservation

⮿losing track of the day, date or time

⮿trouble remembering names when meeting with new people 

⮿increased trouble planning or organizing

STAGE 5-6 MILD STAGE DIMENTIA

Mild stage dementia is comprised of two stages, stage 5 moderately severe cognitive dementia and stage 6 severe cognitive decline or middle dementia.

STAGE 5

This stage of dementia needs a complete assistance of normal person. In mid stage dementia sign and symptoms are more clear that includes lost of memory, forgetfulness and confusion in conversation and daily life activities.

STAGE 6

In this stage of dementia, patient start forgetting the names of his loved ones and near and near and dear ones and start forgetting about recent events. Communication is severely disabled and delusion, compulsions and anxiety is more common.

SYMPTOMS OF MD STAGE DEMENTIA

⮿problem sleeping that is confusion between day and night

⮿behavior problem that is behaving inappropriately in social setting 

⮿wandering and becoming lost

⮿difficulty with perception

⮿delusions and/or hallucination

⮿increased aggression and irritability

⮿inability to recall personal history, address and phone number

⮿changes in sleep pattern may begin

STAGE 7 LATE STAGE DEMENTIA

The final stage of dementia includes only one stage. Stage 7, very severe cognitive decline lasts for 2.5 years. In this stage person has usually no ability to talk and communicate and requires assistance with most activities, including walking. In this stage patient is totally dependent on others. Caregivers will focus mostly on providing comfort and quality of life. 

SYMPTOMS OF LATE-STAGE DEMENTIA 

⮿difficulty eating and swallowing 

⮿considerable changes in weight both in terms of gaining and loosing 

⮿incontinence

⮿gradual loss of speech

⮿restlessness 

⮿angry outbursts due to confusion

⮿increasingly vulnerable to infections, especially pneumonia

Well signs and symptoms may vary from person to person based on age, physical health and etc.

PRECAUTIONS MUST FOLLOWED FOR A DEMENTIA PATIENT 

FOOD

Lessen the use of

⇾red meat

⇾butter and margarine

⇾cheese

⇾pastries

⇾fried and fast food

EMOTIONAL HELP

⇾stay connected with the patient

⇾ encourage emotionally 

TREATMENT

HOMECARE

⇾help the person to stay calm

⇾talk to person

⇾make dressing and grooming easier

⇾help with memory loss

⇾manage sleep and behavior problems

⇾encourage activities that are both stimulating and enjoyable

MEDICATION 

⇾cholinesterase inhibitors

⇾memantine

⇾other medication

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES [NCDs]

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES  [NCDs]

Non communicable diseases are those diseases that are non-transferable, cant transmit from one person to other directly. Some of these diseases are Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer Cardiovascular diseases Some types of cancer A brief description of some of the NCDs is as below

Parkinson’s disease

It is basically a brain disorder that leads to the stiffness and difficulty with walking, balance and coordination. It may develop gradually but with the passage of time it get worse. As the time passes people may have difficulty in walking and talking. A certain part of brain is damaged due to disturbance in neurotransmittors in this disease that is involved in maintain balance of body. It may caused by the deficiency of specific chemical named DOPAMINE.

Symptoms

Tremor

shaking of hands or a specific finger Small handwriting

Loss of smell

Trouble of moving or walking

Constipation

Masked face

Dizziness or fainting

Treatment

Specific drugs are used for the treatment of this disease. These drugs include the specific chemical whose deficiency has caused the Parkinson’s.

Levodopa, it is known as the most effective chemical for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It passes through brain and produces dopamine. Levodopa is combined with carpidopa ( lodosyn ), which protects levodopa from early conversion to dopamine outside your brain.

Alzheimer’s disease

It is a progressive disorder which is caused by the death of brain cells. It is most common cause of dementia. Dementia is a common cause of decline in thinking, behavioral and social thinks that make a person dependent on someone. It is degenerative disease. It may also caused by abnormal build up of protein. The protein named amyloid, form plagues around brain cells. One of the proteins named tau, deposits of which form tangles within brain cells , which become a cause of Alzheimer.

Symptoms

Decline in thinking

Unable to do social work

Person become dependent on others

Brain cells don’t function properly

Behavioral changes

Treatment and medication

Some of the medications used in this disease is as follows

Cholinesterase inhibitors for the mild Alzheimer. It may reduce some of the symptoms.

Razadyne ( galantamine ) ,

exelon ( revastigmine ) ,

and aricept ( donepezil ) are some proper medications for the treatment of Alzheimer.

Cardiovascular diseases

These are the group of diseases that are caused by fatty deposits inside( atherosclerosis ) , disturbed cholesterol level and disturbance in the rhythmicity of heart beat. Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases, it include myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis And etc.

Symptoms

Symptoms that are caused by abnormal heart beats called heart arrhythmia are as follows

Fluttering in your chest

Racing heart beat known as tachycardia

Slow heartbeats known as bradycardia

Shortness of breath

Lightheadedness

Dizziness

Treatment

As per studies we come to know that CVS is not completely curable but we can treat most of the diseases through specific medication. Some of these medicines are as below

Statin : It is used to lower the LDL cholesterol

Aspirin : it is used to prevent clotting in blood

Clopidogrel : it is used to treat heart attack and heart failure and sometimes it is used to lower blood pressure

Ace inhibitor :it is used to treat heart failure and to lower blood pressure

Warfarin : it is used to prevent clotting in blood.

Cancer

When specific cells of the body proliferate abnormally and the increases infinitely, if it remains unchecked and continuous it develops a condition known as cancer. Cancer is included in NCDs because it cant be transferable through any means from one human to other. In the present era the treatment is chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer.

 

BIPOLAR DISORDER AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DEPRESSION

BIPOLAR DISORDER – ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DEPRESSION

Bipolar disorder formally called as manic depression. It is a mental health condition that is strongly associated with strong mood swings, that include emotionally high ( mania or hypomania ) and low (depression ) mood swings. When a person strikes with high mood swings he feels himself euphoric, full of energy, a great interest in all life activities and wants to live a lively life. But when a person come by low mood swings he looses his interest in all life matters, looses pleasure, looses all his energy and feels himself a lazy person.

Types of bipolar disorders

There are four types of bipolar disorders that are explained below

Bipolar disorder-1

In this type 1 disorder a person may face one manic episode proceeded by hypomanic or major depressive episode. In many cases it may trigger a break from reality .

Bipolar disorder-2

In this type 2 disease a person faces one major depressive and at least one hypomanic episode but never has manic episode.

Cyclothymic disorder

You’ve had at least two years or one year in childhood or teenager of many periods of hypomania. It may also followed by the symptoms and periods of depression, though less severe than the major depression.

Others

Bipolar and depression related disorders induced by certain drugs or alcohols or due to a mild condition. Such as Cushing’s disease, multiple sclerosis or stroke.

Causes

In bipolar disorder a patient faces a POLES of mood. Some time a patient has a good mood and some times patient has a bad mood. Some of the basic causes of bipolar disease are as follows :

Blood relative sufferer : if a patient has a sister, brother, mother or father a patient of bipolar disease, then it is more likely to develop bipolar disease.

Prolonged high stress or depression level.

Prolonged usage of drugs, alcohol and stuff like that.

Biological differences

Basic symptoms of bipolar disorder

Abnormality upbeat, jumpy or weird

High level energy causes increased activity, energy or agitation

Euphoria : exaggerated sense of well being or high self confidence

Decreased need for sleep

Unusual talkativeness

Racing thoughts

Distractibility

Poor decision making : going buying sprees, taking sexual risks or making foolish experiments

Suicidal thoughts

Prey of low self esteem

Treatment

Bipolar disorder is a lifetime. It cannot be cured. But we can lessen its intensity. The one of the best treatment is psychopathy, talking and taking proper sessions with a psychologist may help in reducing its intensity. Most of the people use one mood stabilizing drug or an antipsychotic, benzodiazepine, or antidepressant.

How bipolar disease is associated with depression?

When a person is facing low mood swings he looses his interest in daily life activities, ultimately when he is unable to do any thing on time he takes stress and long time stress cause him to fall in depression.

Can a bipolar disease is one of the major cause in suicidal attempt?

Yes, we can say sometimes bipolar disease can become a cause of suicide. When a person feels low or we can say very low mood swings, he can think about suicide and if he remains in that low mood for a quite long time it may cause him to attempt suicide.

Bipolar disease and other illness

We can say that bipolar disease is a mother of other disorders too. Like bipolar disorder causes following disorders

anxiety

stress

depression

thyroid disorders

margarine

headaches

heart diseases

obesity

and other physical disorders

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER-IS IT A KIND OF ANXIETY OR ANY MENTAL DISORSDER?

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDERS– IS IT A KIND OF ANXIETY OR IS IT JUST A MENTAL DISCOMFORT?

OBSESSSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER or OCD is a chronic or long lasting disorder in which a person often faces unwanted recurring thoughts or behavioral compulsions that make them to feel driven to do something repetitively.

It is an anxiety disorder in which people develop habits like excessive double checking of things such as locks, appliances and etc. People develop this kind of behavior for the safety of their loved ones. Counting, tapping, repeating certain words, doing senseless things to reduce anxiety.

Parts of OCD

OCD has two parts obsessions and compulsions.

Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive, images or urges that trigger intensively distressing feelings. Whereas Compulsions are behavioral changes in any individual to get rid of obsessions or such habits. CATEGORIES:

Washers:

Washing things repetitively, fear of being contaminated by germs.

Checkers Checking things again and again. Checking locks, appliances, ovens, room locks and the things that might be harmful for their loved ones. People in this category have a fear of losing their loved ones and do senseless things for the safety of them.

Doubters or sinners: People under this category want things perfect and do useless attempts for being perfect. They are superstitious about that if things will not be perfect they may get harm. Counters Sufferers of this category count things again and again. They have compulsions about colors and numbers.

Hoarders They thing they will feel bad if they throw any thing. These people usually undergo depression, PTSD, compulsive buying, ADHS and skin picking.

Major causes of OCD

This condition can be triggered by the following reasons Any kind of disorder in genetic recombination Neurological factors

Behavioral factors

Cognitive factors

Environmental factors

Symptoms

Fear of contamination

Fear of losing control

Excessive focus on religious or moral ideas

Fear of losing or not having something

Intrusive sexually explicit

OF WHICH AGE PEOPLE ARE MORE EXPOSED TO OCD?

OCD may develop in childhood or early adulthood. It may become worse with the passage of time. Sometimes it is difficult for the patients to remember when the OCD began. It runs in families and can be considered as a familial disorder. This disease may span generations with close relatives of people with OCD significantly more likely to develop OCD themselves.

Are people born with OCD?

It may be genetic, hereditary factors or due to chemical imbalance. It may be learned due to repetitive and habitual behavior when they are associated with relief from anxiety.

Treatment

As we know that it is chronic disease. It may get worse day by day if it is left untreated. People may be called as abnormal due to their nonsense behavior. But if a proper medication and treatment is given it can be cured. Antidepressants The most effective type of treatments are a type of CBT called exposure and response, which has a strongest evidence in supporting its use in treatment of OCD or a class of medications called SEROTONIN reuptake inhibitors or SRIs.

OCD CYCLE

Sleep paralysis and its reality

Sleep paralysis is a state in which you are either sleep or awake but not able to move or walk. Person is aware and can see or listen but cannot able to talk or move, that often create an element of fear. It can lasts for couple of minute or less or can be in the form or episodes or recurrent.

We can say it is kind of “hallucination linked to sleep paralysis”. It is also called as “sleep demon”, you feel a burden on your chest and u feel difficult to breath. Sleep demon has terrorized humans for thousand of years although science has only manage to explain it. Since there is no cure for it. During

sleep paralysis, body not moving smoothly during sleeping, you can’t move muscles really. It may be linked to psychiatric problems attributed to an evil presence, unseen or night demon in ancient time, The old hag in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, an alie Abductor.

Type of sleep paralysis.

If you overcome sleep paralysis during sleeping, then it is known as Hypnagogic or predormital sleep paralysis.

If you face sleep paralysis during awaking, then it is known as hypnopompic or Postdormital sleep paralaysis.

Reasons of sleep paralysis.

The reasons for sleep paralysis are

Stress

Depression

Tension

Insomnia

Overwork or over burden

Sleep paralysis history in a family( a person is more likely to face sleep paralysis if it has some patient history in his family, it may often because o f genes)

Narcolepsy ( a long term condition that cause a person to soddenly fall asleep)

Panic disorders

Why people think sleep paralysis is a scary process?

During Clippers, is a person may experience hallucinations. Hallucination is a scary process in which a person can see un existing things just because of chemical imbalance. It may also be a scary because some persons are afraid of some imaginary demons.

Can a person die during sleep paralysis as it Is linked with the difficulty of breathing?

No, it is not related to a death however a person feels a difficulty to breath Or also experience a burden on his heart. U may think that u are going to die by sleep paralysis, as it is a frightening and seems to be dangerous process.

How to overcome this situation?

It is just a normal thing. U have to change your sleeping routine and adopt a sleep hygiene. There is no specific cure for it but a psychiatric treatment is used as a alternate treatment. Treatment As we know that there is no specific cure for sleep paralysis but a treatment that we can use as an alternative. Treating and undelaying conditions such as narcolepsy may help if you are anxious or unable to sleep well. These are the treatments

Improving sleep habits and qualities ( take a well sleep of eight to twelve hours )

Antidepressants

Improving mental health

Treating sleep disorders ( such as narcolepsy and leg cramp )

Think positive Keeping yourself busy in healthy activities ( adopting good habits )

Depression

DEPRESSION

Depression is a major health disorder now a days. Depression is directly or indirectly related to mental health. Depression is basically mood disorder related to negative thoughts, sad life and lack of interest in all the life matters.

It is a persistent emotional feeling that not only effect emotional as well as mental state of a person. It is a persistent feeling of sadness that leads to many other disorders. Depression is a mother of many other disorders. It effects a physical appearance of a person greatly. Anyone can judge a depressed person through his face specially eyes as eyes reflects the mental state of a person. Now a days depression becomes a common disorder. Most of the person pretend to be happy but actually they are depressed. It is very dangerous for any person. It is a fatal disorders. The negativity that it creates and latter on the negativity from mind spread into the whole body leave very bad impacts on any human. Even the major reasons behind suicide or suicidal thoughts rather the basic reason is this fatal depression. Feeling of being giving up is a major symptom of depression.

Types of depression.

Major types of depression are as follows

Major depression : it is that type of depression in which a person’s mood persistently becomes sad. Suicidal thoughts, lack of interest, feeling emotional, loss of appetite, weakness and feeling exhausted are the major symptoms of major depression.

Persistent depressive disorder : It is the basic formal type of depression often called as dysthymia. It basically refers to low and sad mood for at least two years. But it may not reach to the level of major depression. A person can often function normally as a normal person can. symptoms are feeling of being low self esteemed, hopeless, weakness, loss of energy and loss of appetite.

 Bipolar depression : manic depressive order is a term used once for the sufferers of bipolar depressive patients. It may be followed by the feeling of high self esteemed and overconfident for some time also it sufferer may show high energy despite low energy as in other types. But later on it is followed by low self esteemed over a period of time and feeling of a low energy. The opposite feeling may last for a long or short period of time depend on the environment you get. Medications for this type of depression is also different because it depends on mood of a person.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) : This type of depression is seasonal as it caught a person mainly during short days or winter as during humid days. It depends on the natural body rhythm of a person especially related to the sensitivity of a person’s mood and body.

Women can majorly get the general depression but they may be get other two types of depression which are as follow.

Perinatal depression: It may be a minor or major depression occurring in episodes during pregnancy or up to the twelve months of pregnancy. It may affects the child health during child birth, during pregnancy or later on in the life also with it, It may effect the normal life of families. The treatment for this type of pregnancy is proper medication and counselling. The cause of this type of depression may be a mental stress during pregnancy.

PMDD: It may directly occur during menstrual cycle just after ovulation as it is a severe form of premenstrual. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft) may reduce the symptoms.

Common symptoms :

General symptoms by which anyone can diagnose that a person is suffering from depression.

Loss of appetite

Loss of weight ( weakness)

Low energy Loose of hope ( being hopeless)

Feeling of low self esteemed

Suicidal thoughts

Negative thoughts

Sadness

Feeling of being ignorant

Lack of interest in daily life matters

Common causes :

Some of the common causes that may be a cause of any of the six types of depression. One of the biggest and major cause is

stress

Tension

Failure or fear of failure

Hopelessness

Lack of resources

Loosing a near or dear one

Family disputes

Fear to loose someone special

Abuse

Past physical or sexual abuse

Hormonal imbalance

Past incident

Effect on daily life:

Depression effect a persons life greatly and in the last stage it becomes fatal. Negative and suicidal thoughts effect the daily life activities. A person can completely loose his interest in his matters. He will not be able to move in society. He will rum away from success. It also effects a person’s family. Peevishness will become a cause of daily quarrels. A person can’t be happy if he is a victim of depression. Persistently sadness becomes his friend.

Effect on social life:

When a person becomes a victim of depression, his social life is effected greatly. He can’t meet people normally. He can’t trust any one easily. He will become a failure. Low energy, lack of interest and weakness will be like a stone in his success. Happiness, joy, laughter and all the good things will disappear from his life and he will persistently caught by sadness.

Is brain plays its role in depression or any kind of chemical imbalance?

Yes, depression is actually a mind game. Our whole body is controlled by our brain. Brain is the major organ of the body, any changes either it be a physical or chemical (hormonal) changes, the changes are readily detected by brain. Enlarged and hyperactive amygdala along with abnormal behavior become a cause in disturbance of sleep and activity pattern that is a major cause of depression. Clinical depression May also known as. chemical imbalance depression. That’s why most of the drug treatments are based on it. Reduction in amount of certain neurotransmitters that are used to transmit nerve impulses may also cause chemical imbalance depression ( Monoamines such as serotonin and norepinephrine ). Serotonin is secreted from pituitary gland and regulates mood, happiness and anxiety. Low levels of serotonin may cause depression whereas high level of serotonin may cause decrease in arousal. Effect of age factor in depression. The person of the age 40 to 45 are at the major risk of major depression. According to graph the persons of middle ages at the bell of the graph are at the risk of major depression. While the persons on the start and the end of the graph that are young and old age at the risk of severe depression.

Treatment

Depression may also deal with other disorders like asthma, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. There are some useful types of treatments like

Using an

Anti depressant

Anti anxiety

Anti psychotic

medication

Psychotherapy

              U should better talk with your physiotherapist. He will listen your problems and give u beneficial suggestions. It will take many sessions to recover but will be fruitful.

Light therapy

                    Exposure of a body to different intensities of white light. It may be helpful in seasonal depression.

Alternative therapies

Acupuncture

Meditation

Exercise

Proper and healthy diet

Essential oils

Vitamin intake

Get in a routine

Set your goals and try to achieve them

Enough sleep Challenge

negative thoughts

Check to your doctor before taking any supplement

Do something new

Take on responsibilities

Try to have a fun Smile ( the best ever free therapy ).